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Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Entering the Thirty Years' War
France was entering the Thirty Years’ War with following to the Spanish Habsburg triumph in the Dutch Revolt around the 1620s and at the Battle of Nördlingen was fighting against Sweden in 1634. In the 1640 France was beginning to get in the way of the Spanish politics, giving support to the revolt in Catalonia, while Spain in reply the Fronde rebellion in France in 1648. For the period of the cooperation for the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, France gained Alsace and Lorraine. They cut off the Spanish access to the Netherlands from Austria, guide to open the warfare between the French and Spanish. After fighting the war for ten years and Anglo- French alliance was victorious at the Battle of the Dunes in 1658 and the peace was settled because of the treaty in 1659. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed to end the 1635 to 1659 war between France and Spain, a war that was in the beginning a part of the Thirty Year’s War. It was signed on the Pheasant Island, which was a river that was on the border between the two major countries. Their ministers, Cardinal Mazarin and Don Luis de Haro, characterized the king of France my son Louis XIV and Philip IV of Spain respectively. When they finished signing the Treaty of Pyrenees the war was finally ended.
Monday, November 8, 2010
My son Louis XIV
My son Louis XIV has showed a magnificent stubbornness of purpose during the catastrophic war, and sometimes a nobler and more national spirit than during the years of his achievements. The condition of France was devastating. I was loaded with debt; the improvements of Colbert were ruined; and oppositions to the king’s government had began to make itself felt the peace had brought some relief to France but the last years of my son’s life were sad in to the extent. His children seemed at one time to put the succession beyond all complexity. When my son Louis passed away, he was extremely disliked in his own country. But throughout his life, Le Grand Monarque was under enemy control of the stage of history in France and also Europe. He most mostly disliked for his absolutist system of government functioned under his two successors, until the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. My son Louis XIV was a great patron of arts. But his eldest son, the dauphin, died in April 1711; his eldest grandson the duke of Burgundy in February 1712; and his great- grandson the duke of Brittany in March 1712. The heir to the throne was now the duke of Burgundy’s son, the duke of Anjou, afterwards Louis XV. The king died on September 1715 after having the longest recorded power in European History. The ruling of the future of his people it has not been repeated in flattering verdict of his generation, but he remained the model of a great king in that he concerns the externals of kingship.
http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/louis_xiv.htm
http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/louis_xiv.htm
The Queen's War
The War of Devolution also known as the Queen’s War in 1667-1668. This war was to enforce my claim to certain areas in the Spanish Netherlands, was lead to the Dutch War. The Dutch War was during 1672-1678 both of these wars were ascendancy of the French armies. The next decade in 1678-1688 was a turning point in the history of France; the strength of France was seriously diminished. The major cause of this is to be found in the end of the Edit of Nantes. The church was always opposed as a resolution and had to succeed in changing it in many ways. The religious passion and the autocratic temper of Louis XIV came to support of the church. The French Huguenots found their human rights decreased, and then, in 1685, the edict was altogether withdrawn. The results were disastrous to France. It was not only that I lost thousands of my best citizens, but this also blew against Protestantism disadvantaged me from those Protestant associations me of those Protestant alliances in Europe which had been in the past of my great diplomatic support. The English Revolution came in 1688 and changed England from an indecisive any into the most strong-minded of the enemies of France. The war with the Grand Alliance of which King William III was the heart and soul, lasted from 1688 -1697: and the treaty of Ryswick which brought it to an end, disadvantaged France of certain territories on her frontier. Louis saw in the Spanish question a possibility of more than making up for this defeat. The Spanish king Charles II was passing away and the future of the property of Spain was uncertain. The shrewd diplomacy of Louis succeeded in winning the inheritance for his beloved grandson Philip. This involved France and Europe in an enormous war in 1700 and by the peace of Utrecht in 1713, though the French prince keep the Spanish crown, France had again to make allowance territory.
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_devolution.html
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_devolution.html
My Reign
During my reign the French treasury was very close to economic failure when my son Louis XIV became king in 1661. He has demonstrated an incredibly excessive spender, providing enormous amounts of money to invest his wars and his court. Some people assume that by half of my son’s reign France’s yearly income went to maintaining Versailles. Large amounts of money was missing because of corruption within the large French’s system of government. At this period the principal French taxation devices included the assistants of the douanes, the gabelle, and taille. The helpers and the douanes taxed on trade through customs duties, the taxation on usage of salt was called the gabelle, and the taille was tax on land. The nobles and clergy claimed exception from these taxes so that the poor and the middle class had to pay for all of the remainder of feudal France. There were many conflicts of this taxation that would eventually lead to the French Revolution. Louis XIV would appoint the clever Colbert as his Minister of Finance. Colbert’s efforts were to reduce the unfortunate’s dishonesty and reorganize the bureaucracy (underprivileged people) began to start revenue, although this didn't suffice to begin to reverse Franc’s growing national debt. In 1667, Louis put an end to the Livre Parisis (Paris Pound) in favor of the much more extensively used Livre Tournois (Tour Pound). Considering that in order to success in absolute power he must first achieve religious unification, Louis XIV started trouble for the Protestant population, must notably through the the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). This invalidated the religious understanding of Edict of Nantes (1598). Henry IV had ordered the destruction of Huguenot churches as well as closing Protestant Schools.
http://valkyrian.tripod.com/essays/gmt10b.html
http://valkyrian.tripod.com/essays/gmt10b.html
Sunday, November 7, 2010
Let me tell you about myself!:)
Hi I am Anne of Austria I was Queen of France with my husband King Louis XIII in 1610-1643. I was the oldest daughter of Philip III of Spain, my father ruled Spain from 1598-1621. After my husband had passed away I became a ruler of my country in 1643-1654. I was a minority of my son Louis XIV, he ruled from 1643-1671. My future showed how difficult the life of an early modern princess was. My wedding to King Louis XIII was a political symbol used to strengthen the political and religious ties between the Spaniards and the French. I married when I was barely fourteen years old my husband and I were not even compatible in the beginning. When I became pregnant in 1622, my husband and I became much closer. Unfortunately I lost my first child from my clumsiness from running. My husband later became suspicious of me. As we continued to do our political and religious duties we had a married life. We had other miscarriages and finally I had given birth to two sons. Even though I never won the trust of my beloved husband and his principal minister, Cardinal Richelieu (1624-1642). Things got worse when the duke of Buckingham fell in love with me. My husband became outrages and decreed that no man could enter my quarters unless he was there. My husband started to take control of my followers. I was a Spanish princess and was outraged by the anti-Hapsburg policy of Louis and Richelieu. France and Spain were at war but I established a secret agreement with my brother King Philip of Spain (1621-1665). I gave birth to my first son on September 5 1638. My first concern changed when I had my son. Two years later I had my second son Phillip. I was scared I was going to deprive my sons’ care so I decided to grow closer to the policies and I had finally adopted my husband’s government. When Louis XIII was neared his death he tried to limit her grip on power. When my husband died, I had his will broken by the Parliament of Paris. For the next ten years I governed France with the help of Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661). I had inherited a disastrous financial situation. I had to face political crisis as many aristocrat had fled the absolute rule of the previous government came back to France. The minister had to satisfy their pleas to return to some benefits while satisfying as well the demands of those who had served my husband. A movement called “cabal of the important” loudly voiced the danger of its advocate. I reacted quickly by arresting its leader duke of Beaufort. I demonstrated that I had strong willed and I had intended to keep France on track. Spanish ministers and my Italian ministers continued the financial and political policies of Louis XIII and Richelieu. Everyone prayed for a peace with Spain. I wasn't ready to sacrifice my son’s interests in favor of my Spanish relatives. A period of the civil wars was known as the Fronde plagued the kingdom from 1648-1652. My enemies didn’t spare me. The return of peace within the kingdom allowed me to educate my son politically and the war with Spain finally came to an end in 1659. I distilled in my son’s mind the idea of King. I had a shaky marriage to a man who was different than me. I had to face many difficulties in Fronde. I never failed France. This didn't prevent me from passing France’s heritage to the Sun King.
http://www.louis-xiv.de/index.php?id=64
http://www.louis-xiv.de/index.php?id=64
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